大豆种间杂交F_2代主要品质性状遗传研究初报

以栽培大豆铁豆67为母本,半野生大豆YZ1621为父本,进行有性杂交,构建大豆种间杂交F2代遗传群体,对群体蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总量等遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:大豆种间杂交F2代蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总量的遗传分离为连续离散分布,符合正态分布,其中,脂肪含量和蛋脂总量表现出倾向高值亲本的正态分布;三性状超中亲遗传普遍存在,蛋脂总量超高亲遗传显著,超高亲比例达到66.7%;三性状的遗传方差、标准差均较小,变异系数分别为4.04%、5.13%、2.67%,表明群体内个体间的变异度不高;三性状广义遗传力均达到了55.0%以上。     

高寒地区苦荞农艺性状及生产性能评价

为探索不同地区苦荞在高寒地区的农艺性状及生产性能,采用多重比较及聚类分析法分析了7个地区13种苦荞的农艺性状及生产性能。结果表明不同地区苦荞的农艺性状及生产性能差异显著(P0.05),云苦荞2号和晋苦荞2号的农艺性状及生产性能优于其他品种;聚类分析将13个荞麦样品分成2组,在一定程度上体现了荞麦资源的道地性特征,反映了不同苦荞品种的农艺性状及生产性能与亲缘关系之间有一定的联系。     

外源DNA导入小麦后的变异系生物学特性及胚乳蛋白的研究

应用受粉后的花粉管能通道Ｃ４作物高梁ＤＮＡ和抗逆性强的长穗偃麦草ＤＮＡ导入小麦，结果在不同组合中出现了不同类型的广泛变异，在三个组合中已选育出几个稳定遗传的优良变异系，其生物学性状大多是介于原受体和供体之间。主要特性是叶功能期延长，籽粒千粒重和单株粒重增加，增产显著，抗锈病能力增强等，其胚乳蛋白电泳图谱发季了明显变化，在变异系中产生了新的蛋白质组分，而且Ａ区和Ｂ区增加的是蛋白质群，相反原受体６８－     

不同类型小麦品种(系)农艺性状、生理指标与产量关系的多元统计分析

本文对不同类型小麦品种（系）的11个与产量密切相关的农艺性状,生理指标进行了主成分分析。11个原始指标综合成为三个独立的新指标,分别表示“光合同化因子”、“库与碳氮代谢因子”、“库与氮素营养因子”。主成分值与产量相关分析表明,小麦产量与第一、第二主成分值有极显著正相关关系。通过回归分析,建立了小麦产量与主成分值之间的回归方程。它能较好地反映不同类型品种的产量水平。     

棉铃着生位置对棉花主要经济性状的影响

选用新品系８９５作试材进行了棉铃着生位置对其经济性状的影响研究。结果表明，棉铃在植株上的着生部位不同，其相应的产量构成因素以及纤维物理性能指标也存在同株差异，如铃重、衣分、子指和绒长、强力、细度等，并表现出一定的规律性。各果枝的第１节结铃性最强，铃重最大，随着果枝从下到上，相同节位棉铃重和衣分呈现出抛物曲线变化趋势，同一果枝上的棉铃，随着节位的外延，铃重和衣分分别表现出降低和增高的直线变化趋势，纤     

叶底珠种子形态与组分研究

对叶底珠种子形态特征和内含物组分含量进行了研究测定。结果表明：①叶底珠种子呈蒜瓣状，种皮棕色，角质，稍具光泽，属双子叶有胚乳种子。种子长宽厚大小为2．21mm×1．67mm×1．52mm，单粒重3．14mg。②叶底珠种子发芽率为99％，是子叶出土幼苗，种子萌发所需时间较短，从浸种到萌发，水培、24℃恒温箱中大约需3d；土培、室温约需7d。③叶底珠种子粗脂肪含量为37．12％，明显高于可溶性糖（0．0603％）、淀粉（3．5703％）、游离氨基酸（0．0933％）、蛋白质（12．16％）等其它内含物的含量，还含有Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn等多种矿质元素，且Ca、Mg含量明显高于其它矿质元素。     

Genetic diversity of Brassica napus L. Germplasm from China and Europe assessed by some agronomically important characters

Summary The genetic diversity and relationships among 63 rapeseed accessions, including 34 Chinese, 22 Czech, 2 Swedish, 2 German, one French and 2 Canadian accessions, were evaluated by nine agronomically important characters in the field at Yangling, Shaanxi, China. Significant differences between Chinese and European group in plant height, setting position of the first primary branch, number of siliques of the terminal raceme, thousand seed weight and seed yield per plant were detected. There were significant variations in nine agronomic characters among the tested rapeseed accessions. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis distances on the raw data of nine agronomic characters clearly separated the European accessions from the Chinese ones. However, the Chinese accessions with erucic acid free and/or low glucosinolates could not be separated from those Chinese accessions with both high erucic acid and glucosinolates. In general, cluster analysis of the 63 accessions based on the selected agronomic characters was consistent with known pedigree information and geographic origin, as well as the previous RAPD results of these accessions. The European rapeseed could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of Chinese rapeseed, and vice versa.     

Identification of QTLs for rice grain size and shape of Iranian cultivars using SSR markers

Grain size is a main component of rice appearance quality. In this study, we performed the SSR mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain size (grain length and breadth) and shape (length/breadth ratio) using an F₂ population of a cross between two Iranian cultivars, Domsephid and Gerdeh, comprising of 192 individuals. A linkage map with 88 markers was constructed, which covered 1367.9 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 18 cM between markers. Interval mapping procedure was used to identify the QTLs controlling three grain traits, and QTLs detected were further confirmed using composite interval mapping. A total of 11 intervals carrying 18 QTLs for three traits were identifed, that included five QTLs for grain length, seven QTLs for grain breadth, and six QTLs for grain shape. A major QTL for grain length was detected on chromosome 3, that explained 19.3% of the phenotypic variation. Two major QTLs for grain breadth were mapped on chromosomes 3 and 8, which explained 34.1% and 20% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Another two major QTLs were identified for grain shape on chromosomes 3 and 8, which accounted for 27.1% and 20.5% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The two QTLs that were mapped for grain shape coincided with the major QTLs detected for grain length and grain breadth. Intrestingly, gs2 QTL specific to grain shape was detected on chromosome 2 that explained 15% of the phenotypic variation.     

Introduction to an investigation into the possibilities of using physiological characters in breeding tomato for low energy conditions

Summary An introduction is given to a series of papers on an investigation into the possibilities of using physiological characters in breeding tomato for low energy conditions.     

A simple procedure for yield component analysis

Summary This paper introduces a simple method of analysing yield components. It allows quantification of the contribution of each component to the variability of final yield. The method is based on log-transforms of measurements of the component traits. Applications in heterosis breeding and stability analysis are discussed. The method is compared to other procedures of yield component analysis.